DCE-MRI诊断原发性肝癌效能和TACE术后评估肿瘤活性应用价值研究*

目的 探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)检查诊断原发性肝癌(PLC)患者的效能及评价疗效的价值。方法 2017年1月～2021年6月我院诊治的肝占位性病变患者68例,均接受DCE-MRI检查,并行穿刺细胞学检查诊断,应用临床流行病学基本技术评估MRI诊断的效能。所有PLC患者接受经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗,术后再次接受MRI检查,评估疗效。结果 DCE-MRI检查显示PLC患者肝内特征性恶性肿瘤表现,T1WI序列为低信号,T2WI序列为高信号,动脉期明显强化,门脉期快速消退,偶见明显的肿瘤包膜;在68例肝占位性病变患者,经穿刺细胞学检查,诊断PLC患者64例,非肿瘤病变4例;DCE-MRI检查诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性和阴性预测值分别为95.2%、75.0%、89.7%、93.8%和25.0%;在TACE术后,MRI检查发现肿瘤被完全灭活18例(28.1%),部分灭活25例(39.1%),肿瘤稳定15例(23.4%),疾病进展6例(9.3%)。结论 DCE-MRI检查在诊断PLC和治疗后疗效判断方面有独特的作用,可指导临床制定治疗方案,价值很大。     

I125 irradiation stent for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis: A meta-analysis

PurposeA meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the safety and efficiency of I¹²⁵ irradiation stent placement for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT).Materials and methodsThe Cochrane library, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang Data and CQVIP were systematically screened out from the earliest to December 2019. The qualities of all included studies were assessed. The primary endpoints were the 6-month, 12-month stent cumulative patency rate and 6-month, 12-month, 24-month overall survival rate while the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate of PVTT, main portal venous pressure changes and treatment-related adverse events. Our meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 12.0 software.ResultsTotally seven studies with 1018 patients were included in the final analysis, in which 602 patients received TACE and I¹²⁵ irradiation stent placement, and 416 patients in control group underwent TACE and stent placement without endovascular brachytherapy (EVBT). Meta-analysis showed that the I¹²⁵ irradiation stent improved the cumulative stent patency rates in 6 months [OR = 1.65, 95% CI (1.32–2.05), P < 0.001] and 12 months [OR = 2.55, 95% CI (1.90–3.42), P < 0.001] and the survival rates in 6 months [OR = 1.77, 95% CI (1.41–2.22), P < 0.001], 12 months [OR = 3.14, 95% CI (2.24–4.40), P < 0.001] and 24 months [OR = 7.39, 95% CI (3.55–15.41), P < 0.001]. However, there was no difference in the objective response rate of PVTT [OR = 1.13, 95% CI (0.87–1.48), P = 0.365], main portal venous pressure and the occurrence adverse event [OR = 0.88, CI = 0.72–1.08, P = 0.212] between two groups.ConclusionI¹²⁵ irradiation stent seems to be more effective in treating hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. The usage of portal vein stent combined endovascular brachytherapy has the potential to act as an alternative therapy for HCC with PVTT. On account of the limitation of studies included, more studies with high-level evidence, such as RCTs, are requisite to support the above promising results.     

ALPPS治疗巨大原发性肝癌患者近远期疗效研究

目的 探讨联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)治疗巨大原发性肝癌(PLC)患者的近远期疗效。方法 2016年1月～2018年2月我院诊治的98例巨大PLC患者,其中20例接受ALPPS治疗(A组),38例在经肝动脉化疗栓塞术( TACE)治疗后手术切除肿瘤(B组),和40例接受直接手术切除肿瘤(C组)。术后,行CT增强扫描,应用IQQA-Liver肝脏CT解读分析系统进行肝脏三维重建,测量全肝体积( TLV)、残余肝脏体积(RLV)、术后3个月肝脏体积(FRLV),计算肝增生体积和肝增生率。结果 术后,A组FRLV为(366.3±31.7)mL,显著大于B组【(185.2±16.4)mL或C组(181.9±14.2)mL,P＜0.05】,肝增生率为(68.8±6.4)%,显著高于B组【(21.4±2.0)%或C组(22.6±2.3)%,P＜0.05】; 术后15 d,A组血清白蛋白水平为(37.0±2.7)g/L,显著高于B组【(34.1±2.9)g/L或C组(34.0±3.2)g/L,P＜0.05】;A组2 a总生存率为70.0%,无进展生存率为55.0%,B组分别为55.3%和36.8%,C组分别为52.5%和42.5%,三组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。结论 ALPPS可使巨大PLC患者术后剩余肝脏体积在短时间内迅速增加,加快了患者术后肝功能的恢复。     

Survival Analysis Using Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) Grade for Patients Treated with Drug-Eluting Embolic Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PurposeThe albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been established as an improved predictor of survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization and yttrium-90 radioembolization. The purpose of the study was to investigate the utility of ALBI grade in prognosticating outcomes in patients with HCC treated with drug-eluting embolic (DEE) transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).Materials and MethodsA single-center retrospective review was performed to compare the efficacy of ALBI grade and Child-Pugh (CP) classification in predicting the survival of patients with HCC receiving DEE-TACE. A total of 303 patients with HCC were identified who had received DEE-TACE without concomitant locoregional therapy within 30 days. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier methods and censored for curative therapy. Survival curves were stratified based on the ALBI grade, CP class, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and presence of ascites. The discriminatory ability of survival curves was calculated by C-Index.ResultsKaplan-Meier survival curves stratified by the ALBI grade produced distinct, nonoverlapping curves (P < .001), showing greater discriminatory ability than the CP classification (C-index = 0.568 and 0.545, respectively). The substratification of the BCLC stage by the ALBI grade yielded greater discriminatory ability than the substratification by the CP classification (C-index = 0.573 and 0.565, respectively). For patients with BCLC stage B, the substratification by the ALBI grade yielded distinct curves, whereas the substratification by the CP classification did not (P = .011 and P = .379, respectively).ConclusionsALBI grade showed improved discriminatory ability compared with CP classification in differentiating overall survival among patients with HCC receiving DEE-TACE. Furthermore, ALBI grade was effective in substratifying survival among patients categorized as CP class A and patients with BCLC stage B, whereas CP classification was not effective.     

Patient with inoperable pheochromocytoma

Malignant pheochromocytoma is a tumour with a very low incidence that occurs sporadically or in the presence of multiple endocrine neoplasia. We present the case of a woman with a sporadic occurrence of pheochromocytoma diagnosed in the phase of multiple dissemination in the abdominal cavity and overexpressing adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. Local transarterial chemoembolization and systemic treatment with lanreotide resulted in a very good response, a decrease in the production of catecholamines for 12 months and a partial decrease for another 8 months, with stabilization of disease determined by imaging.Systemic treatment with tegafur resulted in disease stabilization lasting 50 months, after which the drug was discontinued because of adverse effects. Maintenance therapy with lanreotide continues, and no disease progression has been observed for 4 months.The treatment algorithm for such patients is multidisciplinary and must always take into account the current scope of the disease, intercurrence, and the general condition of the patient.     

Biliary complications of arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Rationale and backgroundTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most frequently used palliative therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is a safe and effective procedure with few major and minor complications. Rarely, biliary complications are also encountered following TACE. The goal of our study was to investigate the incidence and the presentation of biliary complications following TACE in patients with HCC.Material and methodsIn this retrospective study, data of patients with HCC who underwent TACE between June 2002 to December 2014 were obtained from the records. Their detailed information about the procedure of TACE, diagnosis of biliary complications and subsequent management details were reviewed.ResultOne hundred and sixty-eight patients with HCC underwent 305 procedures of TACE. Of these, biliary complications of various severities developed in 6 (3.6%) patients leading to an incidence of 1.9% (6/305). Minimal intrahepatic biliary dilatation (IHBD) occurred in three, biliary stricture in one and intrahepatic biloma in two patients. Supportive management was undertaken for IHBD patients while percutaneous aspiration and naso-biliary drainage was performed for the infected bilomas.ConclusionBiliary complications following TACE are infrequent. Diagnosis should be suspected clinically and confirmed with imaging. Treatment depends on the severity. Enforcing specific measures can minimize its frequency.     

Comparison Among Drug-Eluting Balloon,Drug-Eluting Stent,and Plain Balloon Angioplasty for the Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis: A Network Meta-Analysis of 11 Randomized,Controlled Trials

ObjectivesA Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed comparing the efficacy and safety of drug-eluting balloons (DEB), drug-eluting stents (DES), or plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) for treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR).BackgroundOptimal treatment options for ISR have not been well established.MethodsRandomized, controlled trials comparing DEB, DES, and POBA for the treatment of ISR after percutaneous coronary intervention with bare metal stent or DES were included. The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization (TLR). The pairwise posterior median odds ratio (OR) with 95% credible interval (CrI) was the effect measure.ResultsThis analysis included 2,059 patients from 11 RCTs. The risk of TLR was markedly lower in patients treated with DEB (OR: 0.22, 95% CrI: 0.10 to 0.42) or DES (OR: 0.24, 95% CrI: 0.11 to 0.47) than in those treated with POBA in a random-effects model. In a comparison of DEB and DES, the risk of TLR (OR: 0.92, 95% CrI: 0.43 to 1.90) was similar. The risk of MI or all-cause mortality was lowest in the DEB group compared with the DES and POBA groups, which did not meet statistical significance. The risk of major adverse cardiac events, which was mainly driven by TLR, was also significantly lower in the DEB or and DES group (OR: 0.28, 95% CrI: 0.14 to 0.53) than in the POBA group, but it was similar between the DEB and DES groups (OR: 0.84, 95% CrI: 0.45 to 1.50). The probability of being ranked as the best treatment was 59.9% (DEB), 40.1% (DES), and 0.1% (POBA) in terms of TLR, whereas it was 63.0% (DEB), 35.3% (POBA), and 1.7% (DES) in terms of MI.ConclusionsLocal drug delivery by DEB or DES for ISR lesions was markedly better than POBA in preventing TLR, but not for MI or mortality. Among the 2 different strategies of drug delivery for ISR lesions, treatment with DEB showed a trend of less development of MI than did treatment with DES.     

辅助性肝动脉化疗栓塞术对原发性肝癌切除手术预后的影响

目的 研究辅助性肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)对原发性肝癌切除术后患者预后的影响,为临床评估术后合理选择辅助性TACE提供参考.方法 回顾性分析福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院2002-2008年311例原发性肝癌患者的临床资料.利用COX回归模型逐步分析,Kaplan-Meier法分析辅助性TACE对肿瘤直径≤5 cm高危组(76例)、低危组(91例)以及肿瘤直径＞5 cm高危组(65例)、低危组(78例)患者预后的影响.低危组定义为肿瘤单发且无血管侵犯;高危组定义为肿瘤多发和(或)血管侵犯.结果 在肿瘤直径＞5 cm高危组,术后行辅助性TACE者总生存期高于术后未行辅助性TACE者(P＜0.05).其他亚组术后是否行辅助性TACE对总生存期无明显影响(P＞0.05).结论 辅助性TACE对于肿瘤直径＞5 cm的高危组肝癌术后患者是有受益的.     

剪切波弹性成像评价VX2肝癌模型兔TACE后瘤周纤维化

目的 以超声剪切波弹性成像（SWE）分析兔VX2肝癌移植瘤模型TACE后肿瘤周围肝组织（以下简称瘤周）纤维化状态。方法 选取12只新西兰兔,于超声引导下经皮穿刺肝左叶实质,植入VX2肝癌组织,建立兔VX2肝癌移植瘤模型。将模型兔随机分入TACE组和Sham组,每组6只。对TACE组于建模后2~3周经股动脉插管行肝固有动脉造影,之后对TACE组注入碘化油乳剂,对Sham组注入生理盐水。于术前及术后2周以常规超声观察肿瘤大小,以SWE检测肿瘤、瘤周及肝右叶组织硬度。术后2周检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肌酐（Cr）及血尿素氮（BUN）水平。处死动物取肿瘤及瘤周组织,观察肝细胞形态、评估纤维化程度;以Western blot法检测瘤周组织胶原Ⅰ和胶原Ⅲ蛋白表达水平。采用Spearman相关性分析评价瘤周纤维化程度与组织硬度的相关性。结果 对12只兔均成功建模,经股动脉插管行肝动脉造影成功率100%（12/12）。2组术前肿瘤体积、肝组织硬度及血清学指标差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术后2周,相比Sham组,TACE组肿瘤体积缩小,肿瘤及瘤周组织硬度增加,血清ALT、AST升高（P均<0.05）。病理检查显示,TACE组瘤周肝细胞水肿明显,Sham组偶见肝细胞水肿,TACE组瘤周纤维化程度高于Sham组（P<0.01）;TACE组瘤周胶原Ⅰ和胶原Ⅲ蛋白表达水平高于Sham组（P均<0.01）。Spearman相关性分析结果表明,瘤周纤维化程度与肝脏硬度呈正相关（r=0.67,P=0.02）。结论 TACE后VX2肝癌模型兔瘤周纤维化程度加重;SWE可用于评估肝纤维化程度。